LOTR: What Is The 'Babel Fish' Effect That The One Ring Gives To All Of Its Wearers?

gamerant.com:

Those die-hard fans of the sci-fi genre will likely recognize that a Babel fish is a device used in The Hitchhiker's Guide to The Galaxy, to translate directly from mouth to ear across several languages. The device takes words from one dialect and turns them into the native speakers so that they can be understood. This is an unusual ability that the One Ring of power seems to also possess.

There are surprisingly few times across the entire trilogy in which a character actually puts on the ring. It is usually kept upon a magic chain around the ring bearers neck to avoid skin-to-skin contact, as this makes it easier to keep hidden from the enemy. However, when the brave heroes do find themselves forced to put on the cursed object in times of great danger and necessity, it has the strange ability to heighten their senses, and make strange dialects from various creatures understandable to the wearer. However, as the ring slips the wearer into a sort of shadow realm, where it can cast out and seek for its true master, the gift only seems to apply to translating servants of the evil lord himself, and wouldn’t be any use in understanding elvish, or any of the dwarven or the Rohirrim languages.

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The first time this strange effect takes place is in The Hobbit book, and equally so in the Peter Jackson film adaptation. When Bilbo and the thirteen dwarves are traveling through the elven realm of Mirkwood, they begin to realize that things are not as they seem and that their situation is actually quite precarious. In a state of almost drugged stupidity, they are set upon by a group of giant spiders, who are descendants of Shelob the spider demon.

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