With the release of No Man's Sky Update 5.0 (known as Worlds Update Part I), Hello Games has also added NVIDIA DLSS 3 support on PC. Keep in mind that the studio's comparison image is not representative of the frame rate boost GeForce RTX 40 will be able to get after enabling DLSS Frame Generation, as they simply picked the same comparison used for the original DLSS 2 (Super Resolution) when the feature was added to No Man's Sky over three years ago.
NVIDIA DLSS 3 certainly has the potential to boost frame rates even further. However, Frame Generation currently makes things actually worse when enabled. The game feels far less smooth than it does without it, and it also introduces some weird flickering. Perhaps that's why NVIDIA did not advertise the addition yet. Anyway, I checked with Hello Games and was told the developers are aware of the issue and will be pushing a hotfix. There's already an experimental branch available on Steam, but its current list of fixes does not include DLSS 3 yet:
As a whole, this new No Man's Sky update brought many tech improvements to engine, improving both fidelity and performance. Here's the related excerpt from the changelog: