The best classes for small parties should focus on the strengths of the players and the needs of the campaign at hand in order to increase their chances of survival. The most difficult task facing any party isn't killing a Tarrasque or casting an epic level spell, of course; it's aligning the schedules of several adults at once.
The standard four character party layout has been set in stone for a long time. Right in front, there is the tank (Barbarian, Fighter, Paladin) who soaks up damage and deals heavy blows while keeping the squishier party members safe. Next, there is the healer (Bard, Cleric, Druid) who keeps everyone alive with buffs and spells. Then there's the Rogue, who spots traps and deals powerful attacks from the enemy's blind spots. Finally, there's the caster (Sorcerer, Warlock, Wizard) who bends the rules of the universe to their will in order to tip the odds in the party's favor.
Related: Dungeons & Dragons: Tips to Unify a Divided Party
It's not always possible to gather a full group of at least four players together for and not all players are comfortable running two characters. The group might also not want to use Sidekicks, even though they can be helpful in bolstering the group's numbers. If your small party is going to survive its dungeon crawl, then players will have a better chance of staying alive if they are careful with their choice of character class. The best classes for extremely small parties are:
Amount of Players (Excluding DM)
Best D&D Class To Pick
1
Fighter, Paladin, or Ranger
2
Rogue
3
Sorcerer or Wizard
The reasons and specifics regarding these class choices are detailed below.
There are times when a single adventurer must venture out into the world. There are also times when DMs
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