This 1940 solar storm was so severe it made metal wires crackle; Know all about this ‘Sunspot tornado’

tech.hindustantimes.com:

The most recent example of a solar storm that caused damage to Earth's infrastructure was in February 2022 when some of the Starlink satellites launched by SpaceX were trapped in the drag caused by the energized particles in the upper atmosphere, and crashed. However, it is nothing in comparison to the storm that struck the Earth in March 1940. This solar storm was so powerful that it made metal wires crackle due to excessive static electricity and disrupted phone lines and telegraph services for 5 hours. The New York Times called it a ‘Sunspot tornado', and it remains as an example of what can happen when a solar storm really shows its wrath. Let us take a look. 

According to a report by SpaceWeather.com, “On March 24, 1940, a solar storm hit Earth so hard it made copper wires in the United States crackle with 800 volts of electricity. A New York Times headline declared that a "sunspot tornado" had arrived, playing havoc with any signal that had to travel through metal wires”. The report also attached a newspaper article from that day which highlighted that shortwave communication, police and press teletypes were also affected during the story. 

This storm was so extreme that for the few hours it was active, it blocked all forms of long-distance communication. Further, it was reported that more than a million telephones and teletypes were affected during the storm. In fact, the accumulation of static charge was so high near the surface level that copper and other metal wires began crackling due to its impact.

Such a storm, today, would damage large satellites, disrupt GPS and mobile networks, impact power grids, and even affect ground-based electronics. 

A question that arises is if this storm was so powerful, how come we