When the demons in Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba die, their power doesn’t seem to go back to Muzan, and there’s likely a good reason for it. Given the mechanics and lore behind demons, it would make sense for their defeats to benefit Muzan by allowing him to regain some fraction of the power that he’s lost. That’s never been shown to be the case, however, and the reason for it could be more blatant than one might think.
Demons in Demon Slayer are born when Muzan infects a compatible person with his blood; if Muzan isn’t around, then a demon can do it, themselves, on account of already having Muzan’s blood. From there, Muzan maintains both a physical and spiritual connection to his demons; Muzan can communicate telepathically with his demons, he can kill them remotely, and demons in Demon Slayer are even able to view Muzan’s memories as if they were their own. All of that establishes that Muzan is definitively linked to his demons via his blood, so it would stand to reason that he could force his blood to return to him when a demon dies and regain any power that he lost from creating them. Despite that, nothing of the sort is ever really shown to happen in the story, and when a demon dies, Muzan is virtually the same as he was before.
Related: Demon Slayer: How Does Nezuko Heal [SPOILER]
The reason why Muzan doesn’t seemingly regain any power when a demon is defeated could come from the specific way demons are shown to be defeated in the story. In most fights involving Demon Slayer's Tanjiro, whether it be through his words or actions, he’s able to make a demon reflect on their past life and feel remorse for the things they’ve done as a demon. The demon is then shown returning to their human form as they pass on into the
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