Final Fantasy 14 has a long timeline with a history of what is known as Umbral Calamities. These are world-shattering events that put Eorzean society on the brink of collapse. In total, there have been seven of them (though there is an additional Calamity in an alternate timeline).
These Calamities created what is known as the Umbral and Astral Eras, with the Umbral Eras being where people are trying to recover from a Calamity, and Astral Eras being times of peace and prosperity after the era of recovery. The first six Calamities have a connection to an element, and it is later revealed that these events are orchestrated by the Ascians with every Calamity marking a Rejoining to resurrect their god, Zodiark.
Final Fantasy 14: A Deep Dive Into Japan's Eorzea Cafe
The very first Calamity was known as the Calamity of Wind and set the start of known history on Hydaelyn. Most of what is known about the event comes from the tale of Good King Moggle Mog. In the tale, moogles are described to live free in the sky until a war occurred between gods puts them in danger. King Mog got his people to safety in Eorzea, but ultimately stayed behind. It is believed the Calamity was filled with storms.
The Calamity of Lightning came next, right after mankind was just beginning to expand their kingdoms. The expansion emptied nature of its resources and volcanoes began to spew smoke that spread throughout Eorzea and plunged the world into darkness. For a year and a day, lightning rained down which forced mankind to go underground. While under the earth, much of mankind died to pestilence, and it was there that prayers started early forms of magical incantation.
The next Calamity to come was the Calamity of Fire. With the discovery of magic,
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